Which item is explicitly excluded from the definition of assistive technology?

The definition of assistive technology specifically excludes surgically implanted medical devices because these items are considered medical interventions rather than tools that enhance learning or daily functioning through external support. Assistive technology typically refers to devices or software that assist individuals with disabilities in achieving functional goals related to communication, mobility, learning, and more, and these solutions are designed to be used externally to the body.

In contrast, the other options represent categories of assistive technology that aid individuals in educational settings or daily activities: commercially available products can be mass-produced devices designed for accessibility, customized educational tools are tailored to meet the unique needs of individual learners, and modified equipment for learning includes adaptations made to existing tools or devices to enhance their usability for students with disabilities. Thus, the distinction lies in the nature of surgical implants, which serve a different purpose and are not aligned with the broader definition of assistive technology.