What is one of the primary methods used to diagnose mental retardation (intellectual disability)?

The primary method to diagnose intellectual disability involves a comprehensive assessment that usually includes an evaluation by a qualified professional, such as a physician or psychologist. This evaluation often incorporates standardized testing that measures cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, along with clinical assessments and interviews.

Using a physician for assessment ensures that the diagnosis is made based on medical standards and frameworks, such as the DSM-5, which provides specific criteria for identifying intellectual disabilities. This approach is essential, as it encompasses a thorough understanding of the individual's cognitive abilities, daily functioning, and any additional health issues that may need to be addressed.

While parent-child interactions and observations of siblings can provide valuable context or supplementary information during the assessment process, they do not serve as standalone diagnostic methods. Reliance on merely standardized testing would neglect the broader clinical context needed for an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation involving a physician is critical for making an informed diagnosis of intellectual disabilities.