What characterizes criterion-referenced tests?

Criterion-referenced tests are designed to measure a student's performance against predefined fixed learning standards or benchmarks. The primary objective of these assessments is to determine whether a student has acquired the specific knowledge or skills necessary to meet established criteria, rather than comparing them to the performance of other students. This approach enables educators to understand whether individual learners have mastered particular content areas or competencies, allowing for targeted instruction and support.

In essence, these tests focus on whether students can demonstrate the intended knowledge or ability, regardless of how their results compare to their peers. This makes criterion-referenced assessments particularly useful in identifying specific areas of strength or need within a student's learning journey. They help educators tailor instruction to ensure all students meet the essential learning objectives established for a given educational program.